Sexual exploitation of children: Issues in treatment

Sexual exploitation of children: Issues in treatment Social Work and Criminal Justice: Victims of Violent Crime Analysis Abstract This report explores many factors of sexual abuse, specifically sexual exploitation of children. Ethical and policy issues that may affect practice with this population as well as the nature of the violent crimes are some of the factors explored in this report. The sexual exploitation of children is widespread and exists worldwide. Many of these children have long-term effects from sexual abuse that follow them into adulthood. In order to provide the adequate and appropriate treatment to sexually abused and exploited children, one must understand the magnitude of this heinous epidemic that is steadily increasing. Introduction The role of a generalist social worker who works with victims of violent crimes is of extreme importance. This is significantly true for social workers working with children who are victims of sexual exploitation. When generally recognized standards do not exist with respect to an emerging area of practice, social workers should exercise careful judgment and take responsible steps to ensure the competence of their work and to protect clients from harm (Reamer, 2010). A generalist social work base provides an existing foundation on which direct intervention, policy formation, advocacy, and networking may be implemented (Herrmann, 1987). Social workers confront child sexual exploitation as school social workers, at runaway shelters, at counseling agencies, and within the court system. The history of the profession provides the precedent for social work’s involvement in ending child sexual exploitation. Sexual abuse is any sexual activity with a child where consent is not or cannot be given. This includes sexual contact that is accomplished by force or by threat of force, regardless of the age of the participants, and all sexual contact between an adult and a child, regardless of whether there is deception or the child understands the sexual nature of the activity (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2013). The sexual exploitation of children includes sex trafficking, child pornography, and child prostitution. Exploited children carry the effects of sexual abuse for many years in an agonizing struggle with sexual dysfunction, depression, insomnia, suicide attempts, and self-mutilation. The population mostly affected by child exploitation is usually children from infancy to adolescence. These children often live in poverty or live in low-income environments. Often, these children lack parental guidance or have parents who are involved in substance abuse. This population is usually the target of sexual abuse. Because of the anxiety most people harbor about sexuality in general, children have little information about sex. They have limited life experience upon which to base judgments. Thus, children can be easily misled or tricked (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2013). Those who sexually abuse children are referred to as pedophiles. Many pedophiles report a history of sexual victimization as adolescents. Occasionally, many children find themselves blackmailed into adulthood by their exploiters. Not all victims become victimizers. All, however, may experience guilt, confusion, shame, and anger as a result of exploitation (Herrmann, 1987). Risk Factors of Child Sexual Abuse Risk factors associated with sexual abuse and the exploitation of children includes the facts that suggest that girls are more likely to be victimized than boys. However, boys are equally as vulnerable as girls. The average age for the abused is between ages 4 and 6 years for boys and ages 11 and 14 years for girls. Children who have disabilities are at greater risk for sexual abuse. These children are more vulnerable and less likely to defend themselves (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2013). Nature of Violent Crime The nature of this particular crime can be heinous. This includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, and power of manipulation. Often, children are profiled and sought for their openness to trust others. The children are misled and manipulated into thinking the perpetrator will provide conditions that are better than their current situation. Children are often beat and drugged then sold into human trafficking. These children are forced in prostitution and forced to participate in horrible sexual acts. This includes intercourse, fondling, pornographic photography, and other unthinkable acts. Scenario Angel is a 14 year old African-American girl living in an inner-city neighborhood. Angel has four siblings and both parents are incarcerated for substance abuse. Because of the absence of her parents, Angel and her siblings are cared for by their elderly grandmother. The family does not have much money and often goes without basic needs such as food and clothes. Angel dropped out of school due to the constant judgement and bullying from other students. Without anywhere to go, Angel would often walk the streets to pass away the time. While hanging out in the neighborhood, Angel was approached by an older man who mentioned he had taken an interest in her. He complimented Angel on her looks and told her that she should not be walking the streets, but pampered instead. Daily, the man would complement Angel and showered her with gifts. She had never been shown this kind of love before and felt she was in love. She was invited to the man’s home for dinner. Although the man was much older, Angel was eager to receive his charm. She agreed to dinner at his home. On the following evening, Angel met the older man around the corner from her family’s home. She was instantly swept off of her feet. The man arrived in a shiny, red convertible sports car with a bouquet of roses in hand. When she arrived to the man’s home, she was greeted with more flowers, candles, and wine. Although she had never had wine before, Angel felt a sense of maturity and drank the wine. During the dinner, the man told Angel that he was aware of her conditions at home. He promised her that he would make all of her sorrows go away if she allowed him to take care of her. He promised to provide all of her needs and that she will never have to go without any of her basics needs anymore. He promised to shower her with gifts and to show her the world. Angel felt all of her prayers had been answered and that she had met her knight in shining armor. Although the room began to spin and she felt slightly ill, Angel agreed to spend the night with the man. He insists tha t she should not go home in her condition. The next morning Angel awoke feeling very ill and confused. She could not remember where she was. Angel’s clothes had been removed and she was chained to a bed at her wrist and ankles. She is in a lot of pain and begins to cry out for help. Angel is aware that her body has been violated and wonders who could do this to her. Although she has been crying for hours, no one answers her cries for help. Eventually, a man she does not recognize enters the room and begins to yell and curse at her. He tells her that no one is going to help her and threatens to hit her if she does not stop crying. Although she tries to control her sobbing, Angel continues to cry. The man kept his promise and began to violently beat her. The violent beating left Angel unconscious and she never saw her knight in shining armour again. On the following afternoon, again, Angel awoke dazed and confused. She noticed that she was chained to a radiator and had been moved to another location. She was later approached by two men who informed her that she now works for them. She was promised shelter and protection in return for following their orders. Daily, Angel found herself in different locations servicing men for money. Often, Angel would be transported from state to state and advertised on the internet. Although Angel wants to escape the life she was forced to live, she often finds herself drugged, beaten, and far from home. She has no resources and is not allowed to make calls or befriend anyone. Angel feels trapped. She often contemplates suicide and feels that taking her life is the only way out of her lifestyle. Although Angel’s family attempted to find her, they had no luck. She was reported missing to the police, but dismissed as a delinquent runaway. Months began to pass and Angel became another statistic. Angel is now a part of the child sex trafficking ring. Daily, she is forced into prostitution and forced into a life she should not have to live. This commercial exploitation is the result of the lack of importance given to human rights around the world, the disregard of children’s needs, and the vast amount of money involved (Herrmann, 1987). Ethical Issues There are several ethical issues that may affect practice with this population. Although social workers are mandated to report sexual abuse of children, ethical and legal considerations for treatment of sexually exploited children remains an issue. Before treatment begins with the victim, is it appropriate for a practitioner to directly inquire and/or process information with a victim about an alleged offense in a pending criminal matter? To what degree can such inquiry, recounting, or processing of the events in question alter the child’s recollection of what took place (Branaman Gottlieb, 2013)? Social workers must consider ethical issues of the effects of questioning, retelling, and suggestion on perceived personal experience. These processes operate in all therapeutic settings, but when they arise in the context of treating a child witness, they may influence, if not dramatically alter, a child’s memory (Branaman Gottlieb, 2013). Also, social workers should be cau tious when considering introducing a new treatment approach to these children. New approaches to the profession usually generate controversy among social workers because many unknown issues may arise. Social workers should attempt to locate empirical literature documenting the effectiveness of new approaches. Most social workers will conclude that using a controversial new treatment approach is too risky, ethically and clinically (Reamer, 2010). Policy Issues Often, policy issues may affect practice with this population. Child sex abuse issues are handled by state and local authorities, and not by the federal government. This is because of the relationships between the states which have broad authority within their jurisdictions. Unfortunately, the federal government has constitutional limitations on its authority. Because of this matter, the Department of Justice generally has no authority over child sex abuse issues. However, if a child is sexually abused or sexually exploited on federal land, the offender may be prosecuted under federal law in addition to state law. Another policy issue is the statute of limitations in child sexual abuse cases. Every state has a standard suspension of the statute of limitation for legal actions while a person is a minor. Most states have adopted additional extensions for cases involving sexual abuse of children. In the state of Mississippi, victims must file their claim within 3 years of the sexual abu se and/or within 3 years of the victims release from incarceration. Assessment and Evidenced-based Practices Treatment and assessment of child victims of sexual exploitation has several objectives. According to Zastrow Kisrt-Ashman (2013), the first objective is to provide a safe environment where the survivor feels comfortable enough to talk. The survivor must learn to identity, express, and share feeling, even when they are negative and frightening. A second treatment goal is to have the survivor acknowledge that the abuse was no fault of theirs. The third objective involves teaching the child new ways to express their feelings. A fourth treatment goal is to address and special treatment needs of the child. These needs may include medical treatment or behavioral modification programs. The fifth goal is to enhance family communication, support, and understanding of the abuse. On a micro-level of intervention, practitioners have been known to use several evidence-based treatment modalities when treating sexually abused children. Often, the psychodynamic theory and treatment is used. Psychodynamic theories emphasize the importance of stages of psychosocial development and the unconscious mental processes of human behavior. According to Walsh (2010), in ego psychology, problems or challenges may result from conflicts within the person or between the person and external world. Also, crisis theory and intervention is used. A crisis is defined as the perception or experience of an event as an intolerable difficulty. Crisis intervention represents a strengths approach because it underscores the possibility of client growth, even in horrible situations. The social worker must build upon clients’ strengths in order to help them adapt to, and grow from, the experience (Walsh, 2010). On the mezzo-level of assessment and intervention, structural family theory (SFT) and intervention is often used. This theory attempts to bring structure back to the family. The focus of the theory is family structure. Family structure is a concept that refers to the invisible and often unspoken rules that organize how family members interact. In this intervention, the social worker is highly directive and directly leads the family’s process of problem resolution. During the intervention of SFT, role plays and role reversals are often employed by practitioners. The role plays are enactments of possible family situations that aim to adjust family interactions. The goal of role reversal is to sensitize family members to the feelings of other members in the family. Also, the Family Emotional Systems Theory is used. The theory provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding how emotional ties within families of origin influence the lives of individuals in ways the y often fail to appreciate and may tend to minimize (Walsh, 2010). The theory offers broad intervention strategies with which the social worker can utilize techniques in accordance with a family’s particular concerns. On a macro-level of assessment and intervention, the ideal way to treat sexual abuse of children is to prevent the events from happening. Information and education are significant factors of prevention. In the community, parents need both education about how to raise children and knowledge that in the event they are in crisis resources are available to help. Special programs could be readily available in the community to help parents with these issues ((Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2013). These programs would be beneficial to the community on many levels. Diversity Issues There are diversity issues that affect this population. Minorities from different backgrounds are at higher risk of child sexual exploitation. Many children from low-educational backgrounds are also at higher risk for exploitation. Most of the children that are misled into sexual exploitation are from impoverished areas of the world. In some cases, racial disparity has become an issue in the matter of child sex trafficking. Often, cultural difference must be taken into account when working with sexually abused children. In some countries, touching of a child’s genitals is accepting. In the Philippines, it is culturally accepting to touch a child’s private area and not seen as deviant behavior. In the Korean culture, touching a child’s genital area is also an acceptable behavior. This behavior is considered an expression of adoration and pride for a male child who is to carry on the family name and tradition. In the Vietnamese culture, this behavior is thought of as an expression fondness, not a crime. The cultural differences of the world suggest that some cultures do not view the sexual abuse of a child in the same context as others. Although most societies view these behaviors as deviant and unacceptable, others view these behaviors as normal and accepting. These accepting views can be related to family pride or superstitions. It is of the most importance for practitioners and other health professionals to be aware of the cultural difference in order to provide adequate and effective treatment to children in need. This knowledge will help to ensure that social justice is granted to those who need it the most, sexually abused and exploited children. References Branaman, T. Gottlieb, M. (2013). Ethical and Legal Consideration for Treatment of Alleged Victims: When Does It Become Witness Tampering? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 44(5). 299-306. Herrmann, K. (1987). Children Sexually Exploited for Profit: A Plea for a New Social Work Priority. National Association of Social Workers, Inc., 523-525. Reamer, Frederic. (2010). Ethical Standards in Social Work: A Review of the NASW Code of Ethics. (2nd ed.) Baltimore, MD: Port City Press. Walsh, J. (2010). Theories for direct social work practice. (2nd ed.) Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Zastrow, C. Kirst-Ashman, K. (2013). Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment. (9th ed.) Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

Work Environment Paper -- essays research papers

Work Environment Paper Good communication skills are imperative for organizations to carry out in an attempt to maintain outstanding performance from employees and management. Every workplace is unique in terms of their diversity profile therefore, is it vital for organization to create and execute creative communication methodologies that will enable organizations to develop a community rather than just your average run of the mill work environment. For example, active listening, collective goal setting and consistent training are all examples of tools in which organizations can effectively use to promote and execute effective communication within the workplace. So how well do individuals within an organization communicate with each other? This paper will analyze the amount, types, options, location and speed of communication that is practiced within the FACS Group Inc culture. In addition, this paper will explain how effective team building applies to FACS Group Inc work environment. Furthermore, this pa per will include a brief summary of the selected chapter on effective team building, as well as provide my own communication analysis. Business leaders in today’s society are looking for solutions to empower and retain employees through technology. Financial Administrative and Credit Services (FACS Group Inc.) is the credit services and centralized financial and administrative support resource for all Federated divisions such as, Macy’s and Bloomingdale’s. As an organization, FACS handles all projects that involve credit authorizations, new account development, customer service, collections, catalog and dotcom sales, (www.facsgroup.com). Within my assigned department, as an auditor, different levels of communication are practices on a day-to-day basis. For example, as an auditor, we often communicate nonverbally to another shared center in a different state in an attempt to produce weekly, monthly and annual forecasting, reports and audits. Most often the use of a shared computer network or drive enables both centers to obtain the needed information to actively complete the needed reports. In addition, the use of e-mail or Lotus Notes allows specific individuals to communicate and transfer needed information quickly. Also, the development of a shared Intranet web site enables each center to obtain data, memorandums, up to date statistics for each location... ...to communicate effectively and to actively create and execute creative communication methodologies. Such actions will result in the development of a community between co-workers within the workplace. This paper analyzed the various types of communication such as amount, options, location and speed of communication which is presently practiced within the FACS Group Inc culture. In addition, this paper clearly explained how effective team building applies to FACS Group Inc work environment. In addition, the paper includes a brief summary of the selected chapter on effective team building, as well as provides example of my own communication analysis. Reference(s) FACS Group Inc, (2005). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from Get To Know Us Web site: http://www.facsgroup.com/facs/about/. Gustavus Adolphus College, (2005). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from Communication Analysis Web site: http://www.gustavus.edu/oncampus/academics/speech-comm/forensics/events/ca.cfm. Learning Point Inc, (2002). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from Workplace Communication Web site: http://www.learningpointinc.com/workplacecommunication.htm. Pragar, H. (1999). Cooking up effective team building. , 53(12), 14.

Bean Trees Essay

Most authors convey an important message or idea throughout their noevls to give a greater understanding to their readers. In Barbara Kingsolvers novel, ‘The Bean Trees’, a strong idea that was developed was the possiublity of new beginnings. ‘The Bean Trees’ is the story of the protagonist Taylor Greer, who starts off on a journey from her home town of Kentucky to Arizona. Along the way she she is given an abandoned child which is the start to her learning about motherhood, becoming a women, the power of friendships and also learns to be capable. The idea of new beginnings is the ability for characters to start over and leave their past behind them. It was mainly developed through Taylor, Turtle, and also a Guatamalan couple Estevan and Esperanza. The first person who helped develop this idea is Taylor. At the beginning of the story Taylor was called Marietta before she decided that she wanted to have a clean break because she had never been crazy about the names which she had been called previously. I didn’t have any special name in mind, but just wanted a change’ this fitted into the theme of new beginnings because she was capable of leaving behind her old life and things that surrounded her name and had the opportunity to have the chance to create a new destiny for herself. As well as giving herself another chance to start her life and live it the way that she wanted through the changing of her name she also left her home town, house, friends, and mother all in search of somewhere new to live her life. She used chance to decide where she was going to stop with the use of her car. Wherever it ran out of fuel or something happened to it, she would stop there. With the ambition of leaving her old Kentucky life behind her, she started a journey which led her to Oklahoma. this just happened to be the place where she was given an abandoned child. This was another new beginning for Taylor. ‘Can you talk?†¦ What am I supposed to do with you tonight?†¦ What do you eat?†¦ ‘ This series of questions that Taylor asked the abandoned child showed that she had absolutely no idea what she was doing and still had to learn the first steps of becoming a mother. It was a new beginning for her to take on responsibility for someone else. She had to grow, learn and understand in order to take care of the child that she had suddenly gained to take on her journey. She may not have understood what to do or how to do it, or even truly wanted this new beginning, but all in all she was given the chance. Kingsolver suggests through the use of Taylor that often life presents us with unexpected occurances, but if grasped correctly can lead to a possible great change, and therefore future. Through the use of Taylor as a character Kingsolver helps to show us that around the corner, in every situation, if something as small as a car journey, can lead to amazing opportunities to start afresh in our lives. Turtle is another character that helps develop Kingsolver’s idea of new beginnings. Turtle is an abandoned 3 year old Indian child, who was abused when she was younger. After her mother died she was left to an unexpected Taylor who was just someone passing through the town, but turned into the receiver of a child who she had no clue what to do with. On later inspection of the child which she named Turtle she noticed that her body was covered in ‘bruises and worse’ as Taylor said. When Taylor realised that turtle was a girl she said ‘that fact already burdened her short life with a kind of misery that she could not imagine’. Through this you can picture just how horrible the life this young child must have had. However this was the end of her bad story and the beginning to a new one. Just like Taylor she is given a new name, but also a new mother, new friends, and a new chance. With the opportunity Turtle is now able to grow. ‘Turtle had managed to get through her whole life without a book, I suppose, and then she had two of them bought for her in one day. ‘ This quote shows the beginning if Turtles chance of recovery. She was a 3 year old stuck in an 18 month old body. She was a child with a horrible past, but a chance to start over. The development of Turtle made you understand that the majority of people are at some point given the ability to have a new beginning, no matter how terrible their life was before hand. Estevan and Esperanza are a Guatamalan couple who are also given the opportunity to have a new beginning and therefore helped develop the idea of new beginnings. Estevan and Esperanza are people who are illegally living in Tucson. Esperanza and Estevan live in Mattie’s sanctuary that she has set up for people like them. After becoming good friends with Taylor they decide that they need to move on from Tucson and constantly running from the law. With Taylor and Turtle they set off to go to a safe house in Oklahoma. They were considered ‘illegals’ and needed to be taken out of the country. however there should not be people judged as legal or illegal. There is only a difference between people who are good or bad. Because of this they are taken to a safe house where they are unlikely to be taken away. Instead of focusing on the negative once at the church Estevan says ‘don’t think of us stuck here forever. Think of us back in Guatemala with our families’. His optimism in their new ability to have a clean break and go back to their home country showed the idea of new beginnings in a different light. It'[s not always physically being somewhere that gives people their new beginnings. Sometimes it is just a chance that makes believing in what was, or what could be, possible again. This is how Estevan and Esperanza helped deleop new beginnings as an idea in the novel. In conclusion, everyone has a chance at a new beginning, whther big or small. Three different sets of characters showed this throughout the novel ‘The Bean Trees’. Taylor helped the idea become present in the story as well as develop in as not only the physical actions that allow the new beginning to happen, but also a state of mind. Turtle developed the idea so that it showed the readers that just because someone’s life starts out badly, it doesn’t mean their opportunity to have a new beginning wont come along. Estevan and Esperanza developed the idea so that you realised sometimes all that you need is faith to have the chance at a new beginning. In the end new beginnings was an idea that many characters showed their their own stories and therefore developed into their own way of showing the idea and allowing readers to understand it.

Primary Dyslexia and Secondary Dyslexia Essay Example

Primary Dyslexia and Secondary Dyslexia Essay Example Primary Dyslexia and Secondary Dyslexia Paper Primary Dyslexia and Secondary Dyslexia Paper Dyslexia is currently one of the most well known learning disabilities found in school age children in the United States, and is the most common one faced in school districts. It affects approximately five percent of all elementary aged children (Mayo, 2007). This disorder can cause delays in the areas of reading, writing, spelling and in some cases even speech(MedicineNet, 2006). It occurs in varying levels from a mild problem creating an annoyance to severe impairment which can cause school failure and serious depression (MedicineNet, 2006). Dyslexia is often suspected when children of average to above average intelligence fail to obtain age appropriate levels of reading, writing and spelling. It is characterized by frequently misspelled words with upside down or transposed letters. In order to receive a diagnosis of dyslexia a vision problem and is ruled out. An additional factor to be considered is the educational opportunities available to the child. A child who had no opportunities to read would inevitably be delayed in the academic areas. A diagnosis of dyslexia can be devastating to both the child suffering from the disorder and the child’s family. Once it is diagnosed, the school district the child is in takes interest in the child’s well-being, but the thoughts and concerns faced by the parent additionally need to be addressed following a diagnosis. There are three identified types of dyslexia known as Traumatic Dyslexia, Primary Dyslexia, and Secondary Dyslexia (MedicineNet, 2006). The types of dyslexia are categorized by the suspected cause of the disorder, but the symptoms are the same. Trauma Dyslexia is caused by some kind of brain injury to the area of the brain that controls language skills. This type of dyslexia is rare (MedicineNet, 2006). It is not the typical form that is seen in schools. Primary Dyslexia is a hereditary disorder involving a dysfunction of the cerebral cortex in the brain (MedicineNet, 2006). This malfunction does not get better with age and there is no cure. People suffering from this type of dyslexia usually struggle with reading and writing throughout life and often do not read above a fourth grade level (MedicineNet, 2006). There are treatments that can be used to help the person with the diagnosis cope with the disorder however. The third type of dyslexia, secondary dyslexia, is thought to be caused by impaired prenatal hormonal development. This is not as common as primary dyslexia. It is more common in boys and does get somewhat better as the child reaches maturity (MedicineNet, 2006). Symptoms of Dyslexia are often not recognized until a child is school age, and even then the signs are often misinterpreted for other conditions. It is very easily misdiagnosed as Attention Deficit Disorder, as the observable symptoms, distractibility and acting out, are very similar to symptoms of ADHD. Besides the acting out, some of the most noticeable signs are the child’s apparent inability to read, write or spell at age level even though the child may be very intelligent in other areas. Children with dyslexia typically write letters backwards, upside down or in the wrong order. They may read the words without comprehending what they are reading. In addition to the reading and writing problems, some behavior concerns sometimes are also present such as an easily distracted child, a disorganized child, or one who seems to cause trouble in class (WebMD, 2006). These behaviors manifest due to frustration over not being able to understand what is expected. Self esteem issues often come about due to the frustration and the embarrassment of having to admit having reading problems. Due to the embarrassment of not being able to read at age level, many children will find ways to hide the disability, which leads to a large number of cases either not being diagnosed at all or being diagnosed late. Once the problem is discovered it can be treated somewhat successfully in most cases. Treatment for this disorder is quite different than that of most disorders, because it does not involve medication. There is no cure to get rid of dyslexia, once someone is diagnosed with it he will always have it. However, training is available to help most children diagnosed with dyslexia retrain their brains to function at the highest possible level. These learning strategies work best the earlier a diagnosis is made, however older children and adults can still be helped by the learning strategies. Some of the strategies involve a way of learning that differs from traditional learning styles. Although there is no cure for the disability and people with it struggle throughout life, it is treatable. People can develop skills to cope with the disability and the vast majority can be very productive. People with dyslexia often excel in areas of complex thinking and creativity. Many of them become designers, engineers and even doctors. Once people with the disorder can learn to cope with the frustration and find ways to compensate for the brain confusion, many can read and function successfully. Dyslexia greatly impacts not only the child diagnosed with it but also the child’s family on a larger scale society. The child deals with the daily frustration of trying to keep up with other students, when he sees every word differently than the other children. When the words do not look right and are difficult to figure out, the child soon looses interest in reading, and simply begins trying to find ways to hide the fact he does not understand how. He might begin to act out as a way to distract others from realizing that he is having difficulty reading. If the disability is not discovered and diagnosed soon, the child continues to fall behind his peers in his reading development and the embarrassment becomes worse. This can lead to additional frustration, acting out and failing grades. When the child’s peers discover the problem or learn about the failing grades, they begin to tease the child increasing the distress and frustration. When the child’s parents become aware that the child is having problems, the child has often been covering it for some time, but can no longer maintain good enough grades to hide the problem. Parents become impacted by the child’s struggle to maintain good grades and to keep up with peers in reading and writing. They often feel helpless because they do not know how to help the child. Parents want their children to be happy and do well, for this reason it is very difficult for them to see their child struggle. In order to avoid having to admit there is a problem or to answer questions, the child learns to avoid all situations that might place him in a negative situation. Sometimes the child becomes withdrawn from the parents and other people around. This withdrawal due to embarrassment and frustration can cause problems with not only family relationships, but with other social relationships as well. The child may stop associating with friends and spending more time alone. They might cut off contact with friends or romantic interests due to a fear of admitting they have difficulty reading. Society is affected not as much by one child with dyslexia, but with the large numbers of children affected by the disorder. School districts are required to educate the children in the district, and if a significant percentage of the population is not performing to age level, this goal is not being reached. Continual pressure is being placed on society to graduate smarter and better educated young people, therefore the pressure is increased when the there are large numbers of people who do not process information the same way average people do. This requires society to take a new look at the way it educates children and what needs to be done to help all children perform to the best of their ability. The good news is that people who have dyslexia can be helped and those who care about them can learn how to help them. Parents can help their children by offering support. One of the first things they need to do is get to know their children and work with professionals to find the best way to teach them (Shaywitz, 2003). For children who do not want special treatment, there are a number of books and workbooks that parents can get to work through with their children. Some of these encourage young people to talk to parents and doctors about the problems they experience (Shaywitz, 2008). It is very difficult for a child to admit problems, but when he has the courage to tell someone, the first step is to get the child tested. This can be very stressful for the child, but is needed in order to get a proper diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is made, a team of parents, teachers and other professionals can develop a plan to help the child reach his maximum potential and regain confidence. In order for this plan to be completely successful, the child needs to be included in order to allow him to provide input on what procedures are most helpful. Once the child has learned coping skills to help him become more confident and independent, hw will become less withdrawn and more academically capable. Sometimes the testing procedure and the treatment can be more detrimental to a child’s self-esteem. If a child is older when the problems are discovered, being placed in a special program and labeled as disabled causes an impressionable child more stress and trauma than he was already feeling. The treatment needs to focus on the best ways to meet the needs of the child instead of how to make the school districts success numbers look better. If the child is subjected to further embarrassment through the program, he might withdraw even more or be teased more. This could lead to lower development and in some cases dropping out of school or suicide. With laws being passed in the last several years, to make sure that all children are adequately educated, schools have been subjected to increased pressure to graduate children. For this reason there are greatly increased opportunities for children to have additional training and classes. Special and individualized programs have been designed to help children with disabilities be successful. These programs are very good and helpful for the children if the focus is kept on the children. There can sometimes be problems when the school rather than helping the child become more successful, the school lowers the standards simply to graduate children. Although, the children need some extra assistance and sometimes a series of smaller goals to reach the larger ones, they need to be able to reach some basic expectations in order to be considered a graduate. The drawback of graduating ill-educated students from high school, means that people are being into the adult world without the proper skills to function successfully in the world. Most people have heard of dyslexia, but many of them think of it as an inability to read without having a full grasp of what the disorder involves. They know it has something to do with turning letters around, but are not aware of the depression or behavior problems that can be caused by the frustration of wanting to succeed and not being able to. Children with dyslexia are not lazy or less intelligent. They are children who can be very successful and intelligent if the need for a different learning method is determined early enough to develop a plan of success that works for that specific child. The vast majority of people with dyslexia can meet the requirements for graduation and become successful adults, if they are able to learn the strategies to enable them to compensate for the ways their brains process information differently than the average person. Having a diagnosis of dyslexia does not make them any less valuable to society or less likely to contribute. They simply view words and letters differently than the average person and need to compensate for this by learning to use their brain processes to understand the words that other people can view easily. It can be done, and many people prove every day that it can be done successfully. The important thing is that the children diagnosed with the disability have much needed support in order to refrain from using the disability as an excuse to fail rather than a reason to succeed. Resources: Dyslexia. (2007) Mayo Clinic. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from: Dyslexia MayoClinic. com Dyslexia. (2006). MedicineNet. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from: Dyslexia Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Types, Diagnosis and Treatment on MedicineNet. com Dyslexia Symptoms. (2006) WebMD Retrieved November 20, 2008 from: Dyslexia-Symptoms Hultquist, Alan M. (2008) What is Dyslexia? : A Book Explaining Dyslexia for Kids and Adults to Use Together Jessica Kingsley Publishers/Philadelphia. Shaywitz, Sally Md. (2003) Overcoming Dyslexia: A New and Complete Science-Based Program for Reading Problems at Any Level Random House/New York.

Persuasive Essay on why cancer is preventable.

Persuasive Essay on why cancer is preventable. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. This year, over 1.2 million Americans will be diagnosed with cancer and about 560,000 will die from it. The rates have doubled in less than forty years. In my opinion, cancer is totally preventable. This may be a drastic statement but I believe the facts will prove it is true.In 1952, Dr. Ernest Krebs proposed a theory that cancer was a deficiency disease, similar to scurvy. His theory was that the cause of the disease was the lack of an essential vitamin in a person's diet. He identified it as vitamin B17, a part of the nitriloside family which is found in over 1200 edible plants. It is found in the seeds of apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, apples and others.To prove a theory it must be tested scientifically. The best way for Dr. Krebs to prove his theory would be for thousands of people to eat a diet very high in vitamin B17 and then check the results.my beautiful ... Kerrie ...This would have been very expensive b ut, fortunately, the experiment wasn't necessary because it had already been done naturally. Between West Pakistan, India and China is the remote valley of Hunza. The people of Hunza have 200 times more B17 in their diet than the average American. In fact, in a place where there is no money, wealth is measured by how many apricot trees a man has. Medical teams who have traveled to Hunza discovered that there has never been a case of cancer. The average age of the Hunza people is about 85, but many live to be 100 years or older.Eskimos are another group of cancer-free people that have been observed for several decades. The traditional Eskimo diet is very rich in nitrilosides, or B17, that come from the meat of caribou and other grazing animals and also from salmonberries.There are many other groups of people throughout the world from all races and all regions. The one thing that they have in common is that the degree to which they are free from cancer is in proportion to the amount of nitrilosides found in their native diets.While it is available in most countries, vitamin B17 cannot be sold in the United States. The reason is because it has not been approved by the FDA. That process takes years of research and costs millions of dollars. The only firms that can afford that are the large pharmaceutical companies. Since you cannot get a patent for a substance found in nature, it is not likely that this vitamin will ever be approved. In fact, since cancer treatment in the United States is a billion dollar industry, pharmaceutical companies have an interest in discrediting the vitamin deficiency theory.The FDA started a false campaign which claimed that nitriloside was toxic and dangerous because it contains cyanide. It does, in minute quantities. If you eat the seeds from a hundred apples in a day you would risk serious side effects, possibly death. If you eat enormous amounts of anything you run serious health risks. Aspirin is twenty times more toxic than the s ame amount of B17.In the 1970s Memorial Sloan-Kettering, a cancer center in New York, tested vitamin B17. While they publicly came out with a report that said the results were "inconclusive" and that it did no good, research doctors knew the truth. Years later Dr. Ralph Moss, one of the researchers, confessed that he had been told to give statements exactly opposite of what they were finding scientifically.Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) was able to be controlled centuries ago. I believe the evidence for vitamin B17 has been scientifically proven to do the same for cancer prevention. Since the American diet is lower than ever in nitrilocides, it is up to each person to try to eat foods that will help us live healthy lives.

The Possibility of Investing in a Developing Country Essay

The Possibility of Investing in a Developing Country - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the combination of the latter two factors is actually what brings out the beauty of doing business in country B. Rarely is it possible to find that an investment idea that is both cheap and popular. However, choosing to take one’s business to developing nations is likely to change all of this in one instant. (Vernon, 2001) Research conducted earlier this year in Europe indicated that close to forty six percent of investors are choosing to take their businesses to emerging markets. What this means for the company is that there will be substantial levels of capital getting into such an economy thus reflecting on the overall returns obtained there. In 2008, it was asserted that percentage returns from emerging economies approximated to about fifteen percent. One the other hand, the level of returns from developed nations was eleven point one percent. Consequently, this company will be at a better footing if they chose to invest in country B which is an emerging economy. From this paper it is clear that some experts may argue that launching one’s services or products into a lucrative area is always a risky thing to do because one can never be sure when investment costs will go up or down. Consequently, it is always advisable to be cautious. However, projections made about developing countries have indicated that prices are likely to remain positive and that returns will still be higher in developing nations rather than in developed ones.

RN interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

RN interview - Essay Example Evidently, the humanistic aspects of nursing care can only be achieved via effective interpersonal communication. The shortlisted candidate is a registered male nurse. With respect to interpersonal power, a nurse is an authority who must exude expert power. These are the true feelings of the interviewee. He further explains that a good masterly of nursing knowledge in clinical practice instills confidence in the patient. Moreover, the patient relaxes and is more amenable to therapeutic interventions as s/he is fully trusting of the care received in the hospital. The interviewee also highlighted the need for self disclosure. A nurse needs to appreciate the emotional needs of the patient by establishing a rapport that is based on caring. The nurse needs to exhibit empathy, warmth and congruence in order to foster a trustworthy relationship that will foster self-disclosure (current nursing, 2012). The nurse should not reveal confidential relationship and whenever necessary, there is need to maintain patient anonymity in the discussion of such privileged information. The interviewee also cited the need to maintain assertive communication in the delega tion of duties to juniors and the delivery of instructions to patients. This is essential in the cultivation of a professional relationship with patients and personnel. Aggressive communication will create an uneasy environment that is laden with tension (Kinni & Kinni, n.d.). It is not the kind of environment that will nurture a caring attitude where patients can engage in self disclosure. The interviewee also indicated that all conflict in a hospital setting should be resolved via the cooperative style of managing conflict (Knapp & Daly, 2011). I aspire to be a teacher and in order to establish good teacher/student relationships; I should demonstrate good interpersonal communication skills (Roberts, 2012). A teacher needs to be assertive during the